Grinding wheel



Sept. 14 1926. 1,600,054

D. D. MacLAUGHLlN ET Al.

GRINDING WHEEL Filed August 24, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ln i gig JWM aw.

Sept. 14 1926.

D. D, MaCLAUGHLlN El' AL GRINDING WHEEL Filed August 24. 1925 2Sheets-Shea?l 2 Patented Sept. 14, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

DAVID D. MAOLAUGHLIN, OF EAST PROVIDENCE, AND WALTER B. LEONARD, 2D, OFPROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNORS TO AMERICAN EMERY WHEEL WORKS, 0FPROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, A CORPORATION OF RHODE ISLAND.

GRINDING lWHEEL.

Application filed August 24, 1925. Serial No. 52,040.

Our invention relates to grinders, particularly to the type comprising asubstantially annular wall of abrasive material having a substantiallyannular grinding face on the lower edge thereof, an specificallyincludes the provision of radial grooves extending part way across theannular grinding face from the inside edge of the wall thereof andupwards from the annular grinding face tljiereof on the inside edge ofthe wall thereo The main object of our invention is to pro vide betterlubrication for the grinding face of the grinder and also to cool thegrinding face thereof. As a result of providing better lubrication forthe annular grinding face `of this type of wheel, the width of the wheelmay be increased, the grooves furnishing pro er lubrication and thewheel may be ma e harder, thus clearly increasing the life of wheels ofthis type. As better lubrication is secured the grinding operation maytake place at a greater speed thus cutting down. the length of timehitherto thought necessary in grinding.

Compared to the segmental type of ring wheel now on the market, ourinvention is safer for the following reasons: as the grooves extend onlypart way across the wall the splashing of the water on the workmen issubstantially eliminated, as the grinders are all baked as a unit in oneportion of the kiln they are more uniform; and as no elaborate chuck isrequired to hold them.

Our invention particularly comprises a grinder of a type wherein thewheel itself comprises a cylindrical ring of substantial depth having awall of inherently abrasive material adapted to grind surfaces ofconsiderable extent, preferably surfaces which are substantiallyhorizontal. The bottom, particularly the outside edges of the bottom ofthe grooves are at all times parallel to the axis of the grinder, whichas stated preferably comprises a cylinder of substantial depth. It isthus obvious that as the wheel becomes worn down in use. the outer edgesof the bottom of said grooves will at all times remain parallel to theaxis of the grinder and the outer edges of the grinder so that thespaces between the outer edges of the bottom of the grooves and theouter edges. of the wall of the grinder will always remain equal toprovide a substantially equal amount of cooling effect as the wheelbecomes worn down in use. It is also obvious that the wheel is soconstructed that this space Just referred to will remain continuouslyeven and it will not be necessary to continuously regrind the wheel. Itis also obvious that in use the centrifugal force of the rotatinggrinder acting against a preferably horizontal surface of considerableextent will tend to force the coolant in the grooves radially outwardlyand that the coolant will be prevented from splashing radially outwardlyby the portions ofsaid ring exterior of said grooves and that thecentrifugal force will thus urge said coolant against the bottom of saidgrooves in a direction normal thereto and down upon the work but will beprevented from escaping from the open lower ends of the grooves by thesurface of the work being ground. It is thus obvious that the grinderwill function to continuously force the coolant or lubricant directlydown upon the work at the point where it is most needed, namely, rightin the grinding face thereof against the work and will function toretain pockets full of coolant continuously effective at the grindingface of said ring against the work.

These and such other objects of our invention as may hereinafter appearmay be best understood by a description of embodiments thereof, ysuch asare shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation partially shownin section of our grinder and the work of a vertical spindle surfacegrinding machine.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view partially broken away of the preferred formof our invention, employing radial grooves extending from the inside ofthe ring.

Fig. 3 is a cross section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view, partially broken away of a modified formof our invention, wherein the grooves are not radial, but extendoutwardly at an angle to a diametrical plane.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a furthermodified form of our invention, employing spiral grooves.

In the drawings, wherein like characters of reference indicate likeparts throughout, 10 generally indicates a grinder constructedin--aceordance with our invention. As stated, We employ a grinder of thedisk or rlng type of substantial depth which comprises a hollow ring,having a wall 12, constructed of inherently abrasive material heldtogether by any suitable binding material.

Though we have shown in the drawings a true cylinder, it is obvious thatpolygonal or other shaped grinders may be employed so long as they havethe general configuration of a cylinder.

We therefore in the claim, employ the words ring or annular, to includeany generally cylindrical shape, having a grinding surface or face 111-generally circular. In the claim, we also employ the word ring to coverany configuration which has a substantially annular grinding face, nomatter what the construction of the upper part of the ring may be. It isobvious that it is immaterial for the purposes of our invention of whatshape the top ot the ring may be and whether or not it is closed in toform a cup so long as it has a comparatively thin grinding face and theopposite end or top 18 of said ring is shaped to be mounted on agrinding machine chuck or mount. In the claims and description, we alsoemploy the words top, bottom, etc., with reference to the position ofthe grinder as shown in Fig. 1 in use on a vertical spindle surfacegrinding machine for grinding substantially horizontal surfaces ofconsiderable ex tent, though it is obvious that it may be employed ingrinding surfaces which are not substantially horizontal.

We take a grinder of the ring type, and manufacture it with the grooves16 extending part way across the annular grinding face thereof. In ourpreferred embodiment, the grooves 16 are preferably radial grooves andextend from the inside edge of the wall 12 of the ring. It is obvious,however, that the grooves may be of any shape without departing from thespirit of our invention so long as the bottom of said grooves 16 andparticularly the outer edges 13 of the bottom 11 of said grooves aresubstantially parallel to the axis of the grinder and the outer edge ofthe cylindrical wall thereof. Ve preferably have the grooves 16 extendupwards of the wall 12 of the ring au appreciable distance from thegrinding face 14 so that they will be always present as the grinder isworn down in use, as the bottoms 11 of said grooves are always paralle'lto the axis of the grinder and the outer edge 15 of the wall thereof, itis obvious that the portions of the ring 17 exterior of said grooves 16between the outer edges 13 of the bottoms 11 of said grooves and theouter edges 15 of the wall 14 of said. grinder will always remain ofequal size.

In our preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4, we employ the radialgrooves 16 which also extend axially the annular grinding face on theinside edge of the wall 12 thereof substantially to the top 18 of thecylinder. To insure proper lubrication, in our preferred embodiment, wepreferably extend the grooves 16 substantially half way across the rim14.

As stated, the purpose of having the grooves 16 extend part way acrossthe annular grinding face is to have them form cooling spaces and alsopockets to retain the lubricant near the radial center of the anH nulargrinding face 1l. As the grooves 16 function as pockets lo retain alubricant it is preferable to have them extend from the inside edge ofthe wall 12 of the ring as shown in all the embodiments of the dra v.'-ings. Though we have found radial groove-J` the best, easiest andcheapest to make, it is obvious that the exact shape of the grooves isimmaterial so long as the bottoms 11 of said groove are always parallelto the axis of said grinder. In Fig. 5, we have shown the grooves 16extending at angles to the radius of the ring and counter clockwise ofthe ring. In Fig. 6, we have shown'the grooves 16 extending spil-allycounter clockwise, upwards from the grinding face 14.

Fig. l illustrates oui-'preferred embodiq ment in use on a verticalspindle type of surface grinding machine adapted to grind asubstantially horizontal surface of considerableextent. The grindingmachine is provided with the usual spindle 2O which terminates in thedisc 22, having the usual downwardly extending mount or chuck 24 toreceive the top 18 of the grinder therein. In practice, the ring isusually fixed within the mount 24- and adhered thereto by sulphur orother adhesive if necessary. rllhe mount 24 may also be provided with adepending' annular flange 26 to act as a 'water guard. The pipe 28 leadsfrom the body of the inachine through the hollow spindle 20 to withinthe ring 10 and is normally bent and preferably terminates in a nozzle3() which throws the lubricant radially against the inside edge of thewall 12 of the ring. The lubricant may however be inserted within thering 10 in any other suitable manner. 32 generally represents the worktable of a grinding machine and 34 the work which as shown in Fig. 1,may comprise a series of individual pieces. It is obvious that as thering 10 is revolved, the grinding face 1li will function to grind thework 534, and that the pipe 28 and nozzle 30 provide means to flood thework 341 and grinder 1() at the cutting point with lubricant, and thatthe grooves 1G function as explained to receive the lubricant therein tocool said cutting of the ring from point. It is obvious that the grooves16 form pockets to receive the coolant therein to cool and lubricate thegrinding-surface 14 of the ring 10 against the work 34. The centrifugalforce of the rapidly rotating ring will first tend to force the coolantradially outwardly. It is obvious however, that the portions 17' of saidring exterior of said grooves prevent the coolant from splashingradially outwardly and as it iS thus prevented from moving radiallyoutwardly will be urged by said grooves against the bottom of saidgroove-s in a direction normal thereto by the centrifugal force andprevented from escaping from the open ends 11 thereof by the surface ofthe Work 34 being ground. It is thus obvious that the grooves 16function to retain pockets full of coolant and to continuously urge itdownwards in the grinding face 14-thereof against the work 34 and thusfunction to continuously cool and lubricate the substantially radialcenter of the grinding face 14. lt is obvious that as the portions 17continuously remain of the samewidth as the wheel is ground down in useand the pockets coutinuously remain of the saine size that an evencooling and lubricating etl'ect will be produced as the wheel is grounddown in use and that it will not be necessary to continuously regrindthe wheel to equalize the size of the grooves 16 and portions 17 of thering 10 exterior of said grooves for this purpose.

It is obvious that we have provided a grinder of the ring type, havinggrooves extending part way across the grinding face thereof with theadvantages as portrayed above over both the segmental type of grinderand they unmodified ring or cup type of grinder.

It is understood that our invention is not limited to the specificembodiments Shown and that variousdeviations may be made therefromwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claim.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is A grinderfor use in surface grinding comprising a cylindrical integral ring ofsubstantial depth having a wall of inherently abrasive material, havingan annular grinding face on one end thereof having grooves extendingsubstantially radially part way across from the inside edge thereof andupwards from said annular grinding face on the inside edge of the wallof said ring, the bottom of said grooves being parallel to the axis ofthe grinder, said grooves being adaptedy to receive a coolant therein tocool and lubricate the grinding surface of said ring against the work,said coolant being thus urged against the bottom of said grooves in adirection normal thereto by centrifugal force and prevented fromescaping from the open ends thereof by the surface of the Work beingground and prevented from splashing radially outwards by the portions ofsaid ring exterior of said grooves, and the opposite end of said ringshaped to be mounted on a grinding machine chuck.

In testimony whereof we afix our signatures.

DAVID D. MACLAUGHLIN. WALTER B. LEONARD, 2ND.

